Monday, August 2, 2010
sap sd interview questions with answers
1.What is transfer order?
An instruction to move materials from a source storage bin to a destination storage bin in a warehouse complex at a specified time. A transfer order consists of items that contain the quantity of the material to move and specifies the source and destination storage bins. A transfer order can be created based on a customer delivery, a transfer requirement, or a posting change notice. Source and destination storage bins can be in different warehouses.
Application:
This is the term of Warehouse Management (LE-WM) and linked into SD Module, where clients business run through Warehouse
Related Transaction:
VL01N
LT03
LT09
VL02N
2. What are the fields in pricing procedure?
There are 16 columns in pricing procedure
1. Step
2. Counter
3. Condition type
4. Description
5. From
6. To
7. Manual
8. Mandatory
9. Statistical
10.Print
11.Subtotal
12.Print
13.Alternative calculation type
14.Altenate condition base value
15.Account key
16.Accruals
3. What are the Standard output types in SD?
Standard Output Types in SD are as under:
1. Sales Order Confirmation: BA00
2. Outbound Delivery Note: LD00
3. Billing Document: RD00
5. Cash Sales: RD03
6. Inquiry: AF00
7. Quotation: AN00
8. Contract: KO00
9. Picking List: EK00
4.What is Condition type?
A condition type is one which describes that what is the purpose of that condition i.e. it represents a real time pricing like price, discount, freight or taxes condition types are used to define how the particular condition is going to perform. Condition types are linked to access sequence which in turn is linked to condition tables. Condition types are used wherever we use condition technique. Hence it is used in pricing, material determination, output control, etc.Some important condition types in pricing are pr00-pricing, kfoo-freight, k007-customer discount...
5.What are the issues u have faced in training?
6. What are the challenging issues you have faced in implementation project/Maintenance project in SD Functionality? How you have overcome that issue?
We can say during the implementation the challenges which we faced are
* High expectations from the system
* Lack of IT awareness among employees
* End user training
* Lot of complex business processes which lead to highly customized product etc..
7. What is difference between delivery document & scheduling?
Delivery doc is the actual delivery that we create in VL01N for the sales order.
Delivery scheduling is the process by which system proposes the confirmed delivery date when a sales order is loaded.
For eg consider that the customer has placed an order on 8th Sep & requested delivery RDD on 12th. Consider that you have maintained 2 days as transit time, 1 day as loading time & 1 day as pick pack time. Then the system initially carries backward scheduling from the RDD. So from 12th, it will calculate backwards. So your goods should leave your shipping point by 10th, loading should start by 9th, pick pack should start on 8th. System will see is material is available on 8th. If yes, then it will confirm the requested delivery date RDD. If not, system will check for the material availability date MAD. If MAD is on 10th, then system will do forward scheduling from 10th. So items can be picked by 11th, loading done on 12th & goods will reach customer on 14th (2 days transit). So confirmed delivery date is 14th. System will propose this date as delivery date in shipping view of sales order main screen. This process is called delivery scheduling.
How is item category determined?
ITEM CATEGORY IS DETERMINED IN TRANSACTION BASED ON -FOUR FACTORS:SALES DOC TYPE + ITEM CATEGORY GROUP + USAGE + HIGHER LEVELITEM CATEGORY=(DETERMINES) ITEM CATEGORY.
What is Extract used in condition tech. in pricing?
condition tech is the main backbone of pricing without condition there is no pricing
Condition tables + access sequence + condition type + Pricing procedure = Condition technique
What is the difference between plant and storage location?
- plant is place where Production/assembling of material is done as per PP-module, place where Storage/purchasing of material done as per MM-module and for sales plant is place where sales and service is provided.
- Storage Location is a place allotted inside a plant for the purpose to maintain the stock. The same considered for all modules (PP, SD, & MM)
What is the difference between item proposal and material determination product proposal?
Item proposal and product proposal are the same.
Item proposal is the list of materials and order quantities that can be copied into the sales order from the customer master data.
We use VA51 to create the item proposal. Here we get a number. This number is then linked to the customer master data in the sales view. This is very commonly used.
Material determination is very closely related to item proposal /product proposal and is used to swap one material for another in the sales order using the condition technique. I have not seen Material determination procedures used in the projects I have worked.
Item Proposal or Product proposal:
"Item proposal is same as product proposal & SAP uses the two terms interchangeably.
"An item proposal is a list of materials and order quantities that can be copied into the sales order. Items can also be selected from a list and copied into a sales order."
1) Use transaction [VOV8] to configure the document type ("MS" for product proposal).
2) Use transaction [VA51] to create a proposal.
3) Enter the item proposal on the sales area data (sales tab) of the customer master record.
4) In [VA01] to create a sales order, Select Edit & propose items."
Material determination:
"Material determination uses the condition technique to swap one material for another when certain conditions apply. Material determination is triggered by the material entered in the line item of the sales order.
Use transaction [VB11] to create a material determination condition record. And [OV12] for configuration of material determination.
Material determination is useful when old product is becoming obsolete or a new product is released by the company at specific date."
What are the statuses?
General SAP Status Management
Use
Use the general SAP status management if you require user status.
Status
The current processing status of an object is documented by one or more statuses. A status is an indicator that fulfills two functions:
It informs you that a particular status has been reached (for example, The order has been released)
It influences the number of business transactions you can perform.
If you execute a business transaction, this can then set or delete one or more statuses for the specified object.
You can set any number of statuses for an object.
Statuses can be displayed in two different ways in the system:
As a 30-character text
As a 4-character identification code
Both display variations are language dependent.
The system displays the active status of an object in list form or in a status row. The status row may contain up to a maximum of eight statuses. You use the status profile to define the position in which the application status is displayed in this row. The system can output several statuses in the same position. The system uses the Priority column in the status profile to determine which status is actually displayed The list display shows all active statuses (arranged according to position and priority).
A status can be either active or inactive: A status can
Allow a business transaction
Allow a business transaction with a warning
Prohibit a business transaction
If a business transaction is allowed with a warning for a particular object, the system issues a warning message when you execute the business transaction. You can then decide whether to ignore the warning and continue with the business transaction.
You want to flag a released internal order for deletion. However, the internal order has not yet reached the Closed status. In th case, the system first issues a warning indicating that the order has not yet been closed.
To use a business transaction, the following is required:
At least one active status must allow the business transaction.
No active status may prohibit the business transaction.
General SAP status management distinguishes between system status and user status.
System Status
The system sets a system status informing the user that the system has executed a certain business transaction for an object. You can only influence this status by executing a business transaction that changes the system status.
If you release an internal order, the system automatically sets the Released system status.
User Status
You can set a user status in addition to the existing system status. You specify the user status in a status profile, which you create for each order type in Customizing. You can specify and activate any number of user statuses.
In a production order you can simultaneously set the Released, Pre-closed printed, and Finally confirmed statuses.
The system status and the user status influence the business transactions in the same way.
Status Profile
A status profile contains a user-defined quantity of user statuses and rules. You can define status profiles in customizing for each order type. See the Define Status Profiles activity in the IMG:
The status profile allows you to:
Define the user status and document its functions with a corresponding long text.
Assign a status number that specifies the order in which the system reaches the user statuses.
Define an initial status, which is then automatically set when an object is created.
Determine that a user status is automatically set when you execute a business transaction.
Permit or forbid specified transactions, if a status is active.
Status Number
User statuses can be used to determine a sequence for the different steps involved in processing an object. For each step, you specify a user status and give it a status number You should assign these status numbers so that they are reached in ascending order.
If you assign a status number to a user status, specify a lowest and highest status number for the user status. These numbers limit the status number interval from which the subsequent user statuses can be chosen.
You require the user status to monitor individual steps during construction of a building. You create the following user status in a status profile:
Status number Status Short text Lowest status number Highest status number
10 PLAN Planning 10 20
20 APRV Plan approval 10 30
30 CNST Construction 30 40
40 HDVR Handover 30 50
50 CMPL Completed 50 50
The system usually works through the statuses in numerical order (status numbers). In this example however, it would be impossible to change directly from status PLAN to status CNST, because from status number 10 you can only switch to maximum status number 20 APRV. Similarly, once you reach the CNST, you can no longer return to the PLAN or APRV statuses.
Activities
To activate general SAP status management for internal orders, assign the status profile that you require to the appropriate order type in customizing for internal orders (see the Define Order Types IMG activity).
What is the purpose of sales document type?
Sales documents is nothing but data container, and its a proof of transactions to simplify business process document categorized into 3 types :sales document, delivery document , billing document sales document :sales related data is going to be captured here to map different process transactions sap has categorized into 4 types.
Presales order: inquiry, quotation (IN, QT)
Standard order: OR, cash rush
Customer outline agreement: Scheduling agreement-DS & contracts
Customer complaints: credit, debit (G2, L2)
The functions of sales document type are:
It can determine whether the sales doc of that type is blocked or not, No. ranges for the documents, whether a reference doc is mandatory or not, whether it should read cus.material info record, whether the system should run credit checks and how it should respond etc..
A sales document type fulfills a requirement of a specific business transaction.. for example in a cash sale you would require the delivery to be happening immediately after the order and you would require a invoice slip to be handed over to the customer immediately after his purchase. These things are customized in your Cash sales(CS) document type..
What is an integration point between SD AND MM?
Link Between SAP SD, MM & FI
The link between SD and MM :-
1. When you create sales order in SD, all the details of the items are copied from Material master of MM.
2. MRP and availability check related data is also taken from MM although you control this data in SD also.
3. While you create inbound/outbound delivery with reference to a sales order, the shipping point determination takes place with the help of the loading group, plant data, shipping conditions etc. This also refers to Material Master.
4. The material which you are entering in a sales order must be extended to the sales area of your sales order/customer otherwise you cannot transact with this material.
There are many such links between SD and MM.
Now the link between SD and FI :-
1. Whenever you create a delivery with reference to a sales order, goods movement takes place in the background. eg.In case of standard sales order, you create an outbound goods delivery to the customer. Here movement 601 takes place. This movement is configured in MM. Also, this movement hits some G/L account in FI. Every such movement of goods hits some G/L account.
2. The accounts posting in FI is done with reference to the billing documents (invoice, debit note, credit note etc) created in SD. Thus this is a link between SD and FI
3. Tax determination: In case of a tax determination also, there is a direct link between SD and MM .
SD Integration points with other modules SD module is highly integrated with the other modules in
SAP. Sales Order
Integration Points Module
Availability Check - MM
Credit Check - FI
Costing - CO/ MM
Tax Determination - FI
Transfer of Requirements - PP/ MM
Delivery & Goods Issue
Integration Points Module
Availability Check - MM
Credit Check - FI
Reduces stock - MM
Reduces Inventory $ - FI/ CO
Requirement Eliminated - PP/ MM
Billing -
Integration Points Module
Debit A/R - FI/ CO
Credit Revenue - FI/ CO
Updates G/L - FI/ CO
(Tax, discounts, surcharges, etc.)
Milestone Billing - PS
Return Delivery & Credit Memo -
Integration Points Module
Increases Inventory - MM
Updates G/ L - FI
Credit Memo - FI
Adjustment to A/R - FI
Reduces Revenue - FI
What are MRP types?
Material Requirement Planning is concept of planning for the demand, whether we need the material
- to be planned internally
- to be procured externally
- to be planned in external system (ex APO
- No planning
- time based planning
What is use of customer group?
Customer group is used for generating statistics and also used to give group pricing, and discounts etc...
What is the difference between incomplete order and backorder processing?
Incomplete orders are the orders which have not maintained Completely as to full fill the business requirement to place the order ( as defined in incompletion proc by
business).
The backorder is the order in which has not confirmed in Full or not confirmed at a requested delivery date. (Certain delivery date)
What are the Steps for the End-user Training in SAP-SD module?
1.we will decide who are the team members of end users
2. Arrange one common place for training
3.In a day with pre planned material and using development system with some hard copies of various transaction codes which will use by end users will distribute to them and ask them to practice
4.it is generally like a in house training which may remains for 2 day's
5.after the training we will give them hard copies of list of transaction codes with narration which are relevant to their modules like SD related and PM related etc
Why does the customer master have different views?
The main purpose of the customer views is for each dept to determine the roles effectively in customer
GENERAL DATA- deals with all the details regarding the customer
COMPANY CODE DATA- deals with financial aspects.
SALES AREA DATA- deals with sales; billing; shipping details along with the partner determination
What is t-code for listing the blocked documents?
VKM1 is for blocked document, VKM2 Released Doc.
What is batch split?
If a material is managed in batches then you can carry out a batch split for every component. This means that if you Split a batch, you assign more than one batch to one
Component. In this case, each batch is displayed as a Separate component in the component overview.
Batch splits can only be triggered manually in the Production order.
The following requirements must be met for batch splitting:
(1)The material master record of the material must specify That the material is managed in batches.
(2)Batches must exist for the material.
What is Product attributes?
What is difference between SD account key and FI account key?
Account key is created and provided by FI. Account key determines the
G/L account to which the amount is to be posted. SD defines account key
in pricing and FI uses it for posting taxes.
To the maximum both are one and same to find the right G/L account through condition technique .SD Account key will be from Pricing procedure and the FI Account key is from the tax procedure. as far as my knowledge is concerned both the Key purpose is same.
Acct keys are defined in FI only, SD people only use them, say in pricing. But ultimately they r used for posting the amounts to relevant GL accounts only
What is a variant and its use?
How is credit control determined?
Credit control is determined in the combination
COMPANY CODE + CUSTOMER RISK CATEGORY + CREDIT GROUP =
CREDIT CONTROL AREA
One Company code can be assigned too many credit control areas And multiple company codes are not assigned to one credit Control area.
What are the parameters in FD32?
FD32 Maintains credit management records here we can give the amount of the customer WHAT IS HIS credit limit.
U can see address of the customer, Central data, status and payment history of the customer.
What is the difference between routine and requirements?
I know requirement in SD point of view
1. Requirements are used in different area of SD, for example requirement in pricing procedure, it restrict the access of the condition type. for example the rebate condition type bo01 has the requirement 24 it means that this condition type should appear in the billing document. Routine means the program written for the requirement.ie the logic written in the ABAP code.
What is condition supplement and why is it used?
A condition supplement is a group of conditions that should be applied every time a certain condition is found. for Eg: If u define a material price, u will enter condition records for that material and the corresponding price. If u also want to give discount to that material every time the price is determined, u can enter the discount condition type as a condition supplement. So whenever the price is determined for the material, it will automatically includes the discount condition records.
What is the difference between milestone and periodic billing?
Periodic: - full amount in each bill till contract period
Milestone: - partial amount in each bill till full amount is billed.
Milestone billing is a billing plan type where the customer have to pay the amount in parts within the billing date e.g. suppose the bill amount of the customer is 1000 usd, the customer can pay 200usd,300usd as mentioned on the Agreement whereas in periodic plan type the customer have to pay the amount in a regular periodic interval.i.e. The customer have to pay the 1000usd in 1 year then the amount payable by the customer is 1000/12.
What is the landscape?
What is the difference between Static and Dynamic Credit Check?
They both are belong to automatic credit check
The only difference is Dynamic contains a time/horizon/attach period .This time period used by the system where we specify time in months .EX: 2 months .System will use this period to take open orders, open deliveries etc. to get credit exposure .Within this attached time period not after this specified period, u have to do delivery after this horizon period say 3 months latter the delivery date so system will not calculate this date
static check will carry out the open sales orders +open deliveries +open billing + open items,
dynamic check= static check+ time horizon
What are the issues u have faced in integration testing?
GL ACCOUNT CANNOT BE DETERMINED DURING INVOICING MOVEMENT TYPE NOT FOUND DURING DELIVERY STORAGE UNIT NOT FOUND IN THE BIN ERROR DURING TRANSFER ORDER CREATION FOR DELIVERY
ROUTE NOT DETERMINED DURING DELIVERY TOR CANNOT BE DONE DURING DELIVERY ETC...
What is a field catalog?
What is the difference between condition type EK01 and EK02?
Ek01- the result of unit costing can be used as base for price (pr00) determination.
Ek02- the result of unit costing simply taken as a statistical value
What is the Function of item category group?
The item category group determines how a material is processed in the sales order. It defines, for example, that pricing does not take place for a free of charge item, such
as a business gift; or that inventory management is not carried out for a service. When processing sales and distribution documents, the system uses the item category
group to determine the item category. The system determines the item category based on the item category group of the material and the current business transaction, and proposes
it in the respective document.
When creating the material types non-stock material and
services, DIEN is proposed in both cases for the item category group, because the order processing for both material types is identical: for example, pricing is carried out for both, but no availability check.
What is pricing procedure?
A pricing procedure is a procedure by where in which you control the execution of condition types in a sequence you would like . It not only executes the condition types but als0 controls the execution of condition type by the use of requirements , altcv. altcbv, account key.
Pricing procedure is a systematic and sequential use of condition types to arrive at a right value of the product.To determine the pricing procedure
SALES AREA (Sales Organization + Distribution Channel +Division) + CUSTOMER PRICING PROCEDURE + DOCUMENT PRICING PROCEDURE
What is condition exclusion?
If we set an exclusion indicator in the definition of condition type during sales document processing the system ignores the other condition type which exits below that in
the pricing procedure and which have same requirement.
Which delivery document type for STO process?
For intracompany STO the delivery doc type is NL(i.e. within the one company code)& for intercompany STO the delivery type is NLCC.
What is difference between the header level condition and item level condition?
Header level conditions are for the whole document, while item level condition is for the particular item only. header conditions do not have access sequences and condition records, too.
What is the link between credit management and subtotals?
see there is the link between credit management and subtotals. The reason why, Business grant credit to the customer. so all the credit amounts of customer must stored in corresponding tables in our sap system. so that In Pricing procedure for the condition type Net value we assign A In the field Subtotal. the table for credits is komp-cmpre
What is Delivery group and what is its purpose?
delivery group is grouping of all sub item to be delivery at one time. mostly used in bill of materials.
What is main purpose of maintaining the master data?
IN SAP we can call these are master data like:
1. Customer master data
2. Material master data
3. Customer material Information record
4. When we are maintaining condition records like pricing
Condition record, rebate condition record.
THE main purpose of maintaining the master data is that when we will create any documents in sales like sales document, the data regarding customer is coming from customer master and the data regarding material is coming from material master, and for example in the sales order the delivery plant is coming from CMIR,OR CUSTOMER MASTER OR,MATERIAL MASTER ,like this...
What is line item?
There are 3 levels in a sales document i.e. header level, item level and schedule line. Line item falls in the Item Level.
1)Line Item relates to material details or the item details such as item number, name of material, quantity etc.
2)The item category of the item which is determined by the system (by combination of Item Category Group from Material Master, Sales Document Type, Usage and higher level item category)is copied at Item Level of the sales documents.
3)Line Item contains the value and quantity also which are not normally found at Header Level.
4)Examples of Line items are : Material, Order Quantity, Material Group, Plant, Shipping Point, Route, Customer Material, Sales Unit, price/discount/tax/freight per unit, etc.
5)Examples of Header data will make Line Item more clear : Sold-to Party, Pricing date, Document currency, Price group, Customer Group, Incoterms, Payment terms, Purchase
Order Number etc.
What is value SAP?
ASAP methodology is a methodology for component-based implementation projects.
Value SAP methodology is a methodology for evaluation, implementation and continuous business improvement.
Solution Manager is a natural extension of Accelerated SAP and Value SAP methodology. SAP SM is mandatory for all Business Suite 2005 and beyond.
What happens when you overrate the customer?
You can opt for any of the following 3 :
1)credit the customer for the amount of short-charged invoice by creating a Credit Memo Request with reference to the previous invoice and create a new sales order with
correct rate
2)you can make a Credit Memo Request for the overcharged amount and make a Credit Note Billing Document to give credit for the difference amount
3)you may make an Invoice Correction Request.
What are the functions performed in a support client?
the main function is resolving the day to day issues sent by the client. some times enhancements also.And also read the detailed ticket issues
What is the access sequence for header conditions?
for header conditions, no access sequence will be there. the values for header conditions should be entered manually during sales order processing. access sequence is a search strategy which finds the right condition record from the condition table.
What are the highest organizational units in SD, MM, PP and FICO?
SD----sales organization
MM----plant
PP----plant
FICO-----company code
What is the functionality of negative posting in billing document?
Reverse and adjustment postings can also be marked as negative postings. Negative postings are used to reduce the transaction figures in G/L, customer, and vendor accounts. This allows you to give the transaction figures (following the reversal) the status they would have had without posting the reversed document and its reversal document. This type of reversal is called a negative posting.
Its nothing but an adjustment. Lets say you have creates a bill of 10 bucks and latter you realize its not correct and the billing amount should be 8 bucks. To change the billing amount you have to create a negative bill worth -2 bucks. Its a negative bill or in other words its an adjustment of credit type. Similarly debit type adjustments are also there.
What is mean of Rebate processing?
Rebate is nothing but a special discount which is given on to specific customer on certain sales volume with in specific period of time. Rebate may given on a specific customer, if he do the targeted business within the validity periods,
OR
its for specific material and customer, if this customer does the targeted business volume for that particular material within the validity periods.
A rebate is a discount which is granted subsequently to a rebate recipient on the basis of defined sales volume within certain period.
There are three processes on rebate.
1:- Configuring Rebate
2:- Setting of rebate agreements
3:- managing rebate agreement & payments
But before the processing the rebate you need to activate
the following fields
:- in Payer master record
:- Sales organization
:- Billing document type.
You have following rebate agreement types for your customer.
1:- Material rebate
2:- customer rebate
3:- customer Hierarchy rebate
4:- Material group rebate
5:- Independent of sales volume.
How is shipping point determined?
shipping conditions + loading group + Delivery plant = Shipping point
What is difference between transport and task?
What is the client specific data?
Client specific data refer to the data that can be accesses only when we log in to that Client
Client specific data:
a) Business data--Master data of business partners, products, pricing etc
b) Transaction data: Sales orders, delivery, billing documents etc
c) Customization data: All the IMG activities that are saved with Customizing request number form the client specific data
What is ABAP debugging?
Finding the errors in ABAP program and rectifying the error at run time is done using ABAP debugging.
The ABAP debugger is the development workbench tool, which allows you stop a program during its execution when a particular condition is met.
How subtotal in pp is related to credit limit?
subtotal field(A) in the pp contains the total value and this value is checked with the credit limit of the customer.
What is the difference between discount and rebate?
Rebate: an incentive to be given to a customer. clubbed with qty purchased by a customer within the period specified (say one month)-conditional.
Discount doesn’t depends upon the turnover it is fixed. and can only differ from customer to customer
What will you do in blue print stage?
Business Blue print is a detailed documentation of the requirements gathered from client. it represents the business process requirements of the company. It is an agreed statement of how the company intends to run its business within SAP system.
How will access the data in to production?
What is Group condition?
What is cut over strategy?
Cutover strategy or cutover plan is the activity done in ASAP methodology, while transferring the data from the legacy system to the sap system. At this point of time the billing will be stopped, all the open orders, contracts, pricing data will be transferred as per the cutover plan which is provided by the implementation partner. Whatever you want to do on the system u need to do before or after this activity.
What is the relation between PGI and TOR?
Depending up on TOR PGI takes place let me explain how it takes place when a requirement comes this is been transferred to MRP through TOR. Depending up on the availability of the material transfer of order takes place in which the requirement sits in the storage location from there picking and packing process takes place and finally PGI activity takes place.
In general
IN GENERAL TERMENOLOGY TOR IS THE ACTIVITY WHICH TAKES
PLACE BEFORE CREATING A DELIVERY DOCUMENT AND PGI PROCESS
TAKES PLACE AFTER CREATING A DELIVERY DOCUMENT.
How is route determined?
Determination of the route is dependent on the following factors:
(1)Departure Country and departure zone-it gets determined from shipping point.
(2)Shipping Condition:-it is determined from sales doc. type or from SP (Customer master).
(3)Transportation Group:- it is determined from Material master.
(4) transportation Zone:- ship -to -party.
(5)Receiving country.
(6)Weight group (optional).
What is consumption based planning?
Consumption-based planning is based on past consumption-values, statistical procedures for future requirements. It’s to avoid the shortfall in requirement determined from reorder point or forecast requirement.
Difference between MRP and Consumption-based planning, MRP Planning based on gross requirement through the Bill of Materials, Consumption-based planning based on past consumption-values.
What is the relation ship between sales organization and plants?
(1)Sales Organization--> Plant
Sales Organization is assigned to plant in combination with Distribution Channel. Relation: Many-Many.
(2) sales Organization--> Company Code. Many-One.
(3) Plant-->Company Code. Many-One.
what does Item Category Control?
An item category controls the overall behavior of an item. It determines whether the item is relevant for pricing or not, whether it is relevant for delivery or not, whether it is relevant for billing or not. It also determines whether it is a free item, text item and it also help to determine the sales document type.
What is Returnable packaging processing means?
IT is used in the process where by the business sells items to the customer. These items are packed into shipping units such as boxes and crates .Then the customer can keep the boxes and crates upto a certain period of time and then
must return the item .Should the customer not have return the shipping units within specified date or have been destroyed ,then business may bill the customer for damaged goods .
The stock we deliver as special packaging materials .We
kept at customer site .It can viewed in "MMBE"with indicator "V" .
Item category group is "VERP" .
General item category is "LEIH".
"LAN" for returnable packaging pick up-(LA)
"LNN" for returnable packaging issue-(LN)
Material group =00804
"TAL" -item category for returnable packaging
What is IMG?
1. Step by Step plan for implementing the SAP modules.
2. Procedures that have to be performed before a certain configuration can be made.
3. Documenting the SAP R/3 configuration methodology along with the reasons for configurations.
4. It forms the crux of business transactions in an SAP implementation, and how each one of the steps in various modules have been configured.
5. Finally, all configurations and their releases for a particular SAP R/3 implementation can be checked through the SAP IMG.
What is Backorder processing?
Backorder processing is functionality in SAP where you can change the commitments and over-ride the blockage of stocks marked against sales documents/deliveries. For e.g. you receive an order from a very important customer for material "A" but the entire quantity of A is committed to another customer "B" via earlier sales orders and this is where BACKORDER processing helps you to change the commitment and shift stock due for B to A. This is the benefit of this functionality.
T.C.: V_RA - Backorder Processing
What are the reports u have generated with help of ABAP? What are all the things we need to do configure?
What are the influencing factors for account determination?
sales amount which is in sales order will be posted into some accounts.
eg: sales price should be posted into revenues account in the same way sales discount should be posted into deduction account , other amount will post into some other account for this purpose we maintain account determination. coming to the question's answer, influencing factors for account determination is , chart of accounts,( FI consultant will tell that chart of accounts which is used for that company code) sales organization, distribution channel, account assignment group for customer ( which is in customer master data, sales area tab page, billing view )account assignment group for material ( which is in material master record, sales organization 1 view ( not sure plz check) account key which is assigned in pricing procedure G/L account number ( FI consultant will give this number)
What are dependencies in variant configuration?
Dependencies establish relationship between characteristics and values of different characteristics. It is required to get the pricing to the sales order through Procedure(dependency), to get the BOM component selected for the material with quantity and to have the routing time for each component.
There are 5-types of dependencies...
a.Precondition ...to hide characteristics and its values
b.Selection condition....to select a characteristics or values
c.Procedure..to Infer value for a characteristics
d.Action...to infer value for a characteristics but obsolete.
e.Constraint...to have a consistency value flow to configuration , it has to attach to configuration through dependency net....
What is Extract used in condition tech. in pricing?
Condition technique used condition table, condition type, access sequence, pricing procedure to determine pricing information.
What is the use of pricing date in condition type?
Pricing date is the date in which the condition records are accessed. For e.g.: lets say you have the price of the material as 1000Rs till Mar 2008 as per the validity period of condition record and from April the same price of the material is 2000Rs as per the validity period of the condition record. Now your pricing date in the Sales doc
determines as which price should be taken into account. Hope you are clear now.
What is the link/control between sales and distribution and quality?
When a complaint is executed. Say, a faulty material is returned back to plant from the customer/consignee. The material is taken in to the blocked stock, where by the quality link is involved. It's the responsibility of the quality department to check the complaint and approve. That's the reason we have billing block before issuing credit note/memo to the customer.
How is access seq. controlled?
An access sequence (search strategy) is defined for each condition type (except header and manual condition type) in pricing procedure.
1. Each access performed during pricing procedure, the access sequence is made using condition table.
2. Access sequence is a search key for condition record, which made up of key fields.
3. Access sequence searches the condition records from most specific to the most general.
Example: Suppose you create a sale order for material M-10 for Customer 1500. and you had maintained the condition records for that material 100 INR for per material. and
you also maintained the condition record for Customer1500/Material M-10 also i.e. for that particular material and for that customer the Material price is 90 INR. In that condition the system pick the material price as 90 INR and reject the material discount as 100INR.
What is business item?
In item category, Business item specifies whether the business data at the item level is allow to differ from business data in the document header during the sales document processing.
business data means sales data + shipping data + Billing data
If you configure (Check box active) the Business item in the Item category, system should not allow to change the Incoterms in the sales order
What is Lump sum payment?
Lump sum payment is a general term. It has no different meaning in the sap. Exact meaning of lump sum is full payment.
What is the advantage of using the text as a reference ?
what are the Steps in consignment processing?
In consignment process, we have 4 stages.
First phase, company fill the goods at customer site, still it is the property of company, is called as Consignment fill up,(CF)
When the customer consumes the material company issues the invoice is called as consignment issue (CI)
If the customer finds that he got any material defective he returns is called as consignment return (CR)
When customer requests the company to take back the material which is not sold by the consumer, the company will pick this stock from the customer site is known as consignment pick up (cp)
What is the purpose of creating user exits?
A user exit is a place in a software program where a customer can arrange for their own tailor-made program to be called. SAP creates user exits for specific programs, screens, and menus within standard R/3 applications.These exits do not contain any functionality. Instead, the customer exits act as hooks. You can hang your own add-on functionality onto these hooks
What is the difference between VK11 & VK31
Tcode vk11 used for individual Maintenance of condition record and Tcode vk31 used for mass Maintenance of condition record
What basic questions do they ask relating to order management?
Basic questions related to order management
1. In sale order what fields are mandatory We can change them as per our requirement by going into account groups and then fields
2. When u raise a sale order what field get filled by default?
3. when you save a sale order what’s the background process which takes place?
How is storage location determined?
Determination of storage location depends upon the rule mentioned in the delivery type. There are basically three rules for determining storage location, out of which we
basically use MALA rule:-
MALA Rule:-
(1)Shipping point.
(2)Plant.
(3)Storage Condition.
Other rules are MARE and RETA ,which are used for trade scenarios.
What is the difference between ATP check and availability check?
ATP is know as available to promise quantities and it is
Calculated as below.
Ware house stock + planned receipts - Planned issues = ATP quantities.
Ex1. 100 + 50 -75 = 75 is ATP Quantity
Any remaining open quantity in the movement is regarded as the ATP quantity and can be used to fulfill the next Requirement.
Ex2. 25 + 100 -150 = -25 ATP Quantity,
In this case the system try to capture the stock from other inward movement and try and match the order quantity 150.and even this is not available and partially met then the system shows the negative ATP Quantities in the requirement line.
During the availability check the system determines the ATP quantities for the material and the plant. The system behaves in performing the availability check based on how the availability check is set in customizing. This can be viewed in the sales order, over view screen procurement and you can see the confirmed quantity and ATP Quantity.
Availability check:
Stock checks which is automatically carried out after every
goods movement and which should prevent the book inventory
balance of physical stock (for example, available stock)
from reaching zero.
types of Availability checks
1. Against ATP
2. Against product allocation
3. Against planning.
Availability check is based on checking group, Requirement class, and Requirement type and schedule line category.
What will do in realization?
Realization phase in which the system is configured ,knowledge transfer occurs ,extensive unit testing is completed, and data mapping and data requirements for migration are defined .
The purpose of this phase is to implement the business process requirements based on business blueprint. The system configuration methodology is provided in two work
packages :baseline(major scope) and final configuration (remaining scope).Other main focal area of this phase are conducting integration tests and drawing up end user
documentation.
What is the importance of release status and dynamic field?
The importance of release status in release procedures is to create the condition records purely for the planning purpose. for further clarification see release procedures in pricing.
The Dynamic field check is to determine the customer-specific fields, even the text fields.
What is the parent and child relationship?
when after we r creating the IDOC type it will show screen, there we can create the segments by right click. then one pop up window will display like which segment(Ex: SEG1) u need to add to the IDOC then add the one more segment(Ex:SEG2) to the IDOC . while add SEg2 to the IDOC , pop up will display like segment name which u can add and there is the options like under which segment u need to create the segment here u can select SEG1.
now SEG1 ----> parent segment
SEG2 ----> child to the SEG1
How to configure partial deliveries?
we have to mark for partial delivery either in customer master
or
In customer-material info.
What is ABAP query?
ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports
without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following
3 simple reports:
Basic List: It is the simple reports.
Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like average, Percentages.
Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. – For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.
How is step and counter differentiated?
Step Number is used to specify the sequential order for
condition types.
Counter is used when two or more Condition Types required
the same Step Number.
Ex : Step No. Counter C.Type
10 5 KOFI
10 10 KOFK
step is sequential order of a condition type.
counter is nothing but sub sequential number of a condition
type.
What are the effects of PGI?
the ownership of goods will be transferred with post goods issue and it updates the stock quantity in warehouse decreases the volume of stock and increase the goods sold.and also updates the postings to G.L.A/C
What is condition supplement and why is it used?
What are the Techniques in delivery scheduling? Backward scheduling & Forward Scheduling
Backward scheduling: System calculates material availability date based on the Requested delivery date. If the material is not available on that date the system calculates the earliest possible delivery date based on the material available date.
Forward Scheduling
What is Replenishment lead time?
RLT=The time taken by the material to be replenished
For trading goods:
------------------
RLT=plant delivery time+goods reciept processing time
For finished goods:
-------------------
RLT=Inhouse production time
Where is shipping conditions stored?
Shipping conditions are maintained in two places one is in customer master record under sales tab page in shipping screen and another is in sale document type. If u maintain in sale document type it over writes the value maintained in customer-material info.
What is material determination?
This is setup when business requires swapping of one material by the other material in a sales document. Example - When a product is under engineering change or there is a bug and you have another product, which is acceptable as replacement, then material determination can be used to set this scenario. Old product can be replaced by new product as per the launch date of the product. Material determination is also called as “Product selection”
*It uses condition technique for material
*Material determination procedure is based on the sales document type. With condition technique, criteria can be defined and condition records can be maintained.
*Standard material determination procedure for order type OR is A00001.
*Standard material determination condition type is A001
*With standard setup, condition record for swap materials is maintained for “material entered”. It means in standard SAP, material determination is triggered when material is entered in the sales order.
*Additional criteria can be added by customizing condition type A001.
*Material condition records are maintained in the main transaction menu in master data
Swapping can be based on certain business conditions. These are called as Substitution reasons. For each substitution reason, you can define substitution strategy.
*Substitution strategy controls
*System will automatically replace product as per material determination record after carrying out availability check or can give list of substitute products for users to check and select or replace material without availability check. It can also control whether both substituted and substitute material can be displayed in the sales order or only substitute material is to be displayed in the sales order.
*It controls printing of substituted or substitute material on output types like order confirmations.
*In delivery, no material determination is carried out for items copied from the order.
*Material determination in a delivery is carried out for new items if material determination has been activated for the corresponding sales document type
What is the central organizational element in purchasing?
Purchasing Organization.
How is plant determined?
System searches for the plant in the following manner:-
(1) first it searches for a plant from CMIR(customer-material info record).
(2)If it is not found there then it will search for a plant
in Customer master record of ship-to-party.
(3)If still it could not be found then it will check in
material master in Sales general/Plant view.
in this sequence the plant is determined.
What is a handling unit?
The SAP HU is used for tracking the handling units used by the materials. Some common handling units are packagings materials like cartons, pallets etc.
In the SAP system, the handling unit (HU) expands on the shipping unit. Handling units can be nested and you can also create new handling units from several handling units as often as you like. At the material item level, HUs contain the complete material identification, the quantity, and, in the case of serial numbers, the respective object list. Handling units have unique, scannable identification numbers that can be developed according to standards such as EAN 128 or SSCC.
Handling units contain all inventory management information of the materials they contain that are maintained in Inventory Management. There are also status messages that you can call up at any time that indicate whether a handling unit is only planned or if the ship-to party has been notified of the arrival of this handling unit, or whether it is in the warehouse or has already been posted to goods issue. The integrated history function also records each business process in the life cycle of each handling unit, meaning that you can track the handling unit’s path and development at any time.
Refer to : Logistics -> Central Functions -> Handling Unit Management
In HU-managed storage locations, all goods movements are executed through the specification of the respective HUs, and Inventory Management is performed through the handling units. If you are working without HU-managed storage locations, you can work with handling units (without stock information) as before in the delivery and in the shipment.
In HU-managed storage locations, materials can be managed in HUs only. Mixed stock made up of packed and non-packed materials within the same storage location are not supported. HUs can also be managed in interim storage types. Unpacking a material from a HU means that the stock of the material is posted to a storage location that is not HU-managed. If you call up normal material movements in connection with an HU-managed storage location, a delivery is created, rather than a direct material posting, which has been the procedure up to now.
Please note that if you want to use 311 to move the material already in stock, but in a non HUM Storage Location and you want to transfer those materials into a HUM Storage Location 304. If this is the case you can use the transaction VLMOVE with the destination plant and storage location. Before that you have to create the HU with the transaction code HU02 Storage location: where the material is and the status: in stock.
Handling units are unique at client level in at least one system. Using an indicator at client level, you can control whether you are going to work with the HU functions. Since the handling unit is a physical unit, the central logistics processes are controlled through the input of the handling unit identification. These processes include putaway, picking, and stock transfers, as well as goods receipts and goods issues.
A handling unit’s mobility can be limited if quality checks are active. Changes in the stock category caused by a quality inspection are made using a posting change in the handling unit.
There is also a report available that you can use to find and display handling units using different selection criteria such as material, packing instruction, or storage location.
Although the handling unit is basically a unit that remains constant in the system, you can change it by repacking the materials it contains. All the packing functions, such as packing, repacking, and unpacking, are completely supported by the handling unit functionality. In this way, handling units can be created in production, during goods receipt, or in the packing areas of the warehouse. If you have automatic packing, the handling unit is created from the packaging proposals defined in the system (from the packing instructions, for example)
What is difference between listing and exclusion?
1. Listing is nothing but whatever material u assign to particular customer, then he can access those materials .But exclusion is nothing but excluding the Particular material to the customer, then customer cannot access those materials.
For example-In pharmaceutical company, customer sometimes the customer may not have a license to sell certain product, then we can use this function.
2.Listing is suppose for a certain or group of customers u can assign materials only those can access. Exclusion is suppose u don’t want that certain materials certain customer should not access .So the particular customer can not purchase the same .
Always exclusion is having higher priority than listing. In exclusion the system refuses the entered materials if it is maintained in exclusion record for specific customer but in case of material listing it accepts only allowed material which we maintained in listing record for specific
customer .
How revenue account is determined?
Revenue a/c is determination :
1. Application
2. Chart of accounts
3. Sales Org
4. Condition type
5. Account assignment group from customer
6. Account assignment group from material
7. Account key
When will you combine deliveries into one invoice?
we will combine multiple deliveries into one invoice, when the bill to party , payment terms and billing date is same. And also when billing date, that means billing is done only once in a month for that particular customer, then you combine all deliveries of that month create invoice
Can anybody help me out to configure SAP SD pricing for Indian Pharmacy company. The client is having so many scenarios like Price to Dealer, Price to retailer, Direct sales to Institution. Institution sales via dealer. For all above scenarios Price is Inclusive of taxes.
Note - Prices at Batch level MRP
Please let me know your contact details to explain all our scenarios.
Hi Radha, I am hereby sending the document please go through the document and revert for further clarifications SD Pricing for Indian Pharmacy
STEPS 1.Creation of Account Groups Define Control Customers Business Partner Logistics – General Account Groups and Field Selections for Customers a. Define Account Groups with Screen Layout (Customer)
b. Create Number Ranges for Customer Accounts
c. Assign Number ranges for Customer Account Groups
NOTE You will have to maintain separate Account groups for Dealer, Retailer, Institution and Institution sales via dealer. The Number ranges should be created separately and assigned accordingly.
2.Partner determination must be done accordingly( with respect to the type of account groups that we have created). Set Partner Determination Basic Functions Sales and Distribution up Partner Determination
3.Customer Hierarchies should be maintained. Customers Business Partners Master Data (Sales and Distribution Assign Account Groups)Customer Hierarchy
4.Assign Hierarchy type based on Sales document type that you maintain .
5.Assign Hierarchy type for pricing by sales document type Customers Business Partners Master Data Sales and Distribution Assign Hierarchy Type for Pricing By Sales DocumentCustomer Hierarchy Type
6.Assign Sales areas to customer hierarchy types Customers Business Partners Master Data Sales and Distribution Assign Sales AreasCustomer Hierarchy
7.Define Customer Groups Customers Business Partners Master Data Sales and Distribution Define Customer GroupsSales Ex: 01 – Dealer 02 – Retailer 03 – Institution 04 – InstDeal
8.Define Sales Districts., Legal status of the customer NOTE: Check out whether you have a Dummy Customer Concept in that case you will have to create a dummy account group for Dummy customer. Similarly you check for one time customer (again you will have to create one time customer a/c group, number ranges creation and assignment. Note the no. ranges should be unique, be careful.) Sales Document Types, Delivery Document types and Billing document types should be copied and renamed.(Prefixing it with “Z”. Item Categories which is important field should also be copied and maintained with “Z” as starting letter. Schedule line categories should also be maintained appropriately starting with “Z”.
Pricing procedure:
1.Maintain Access Sequence or Copy and create the Access Sequence appropriately (For Price, Tax or For VAT purpose accordingly)
2.Maintain Condition Types or Copy and create the Condition Types appropriately (maintain condition types for Price, Discounts, taxes…. Accordingly)
3.Copy and create Four Pricing procedures according to the scenarios that you have raised(For Dealer/Retailer/Institution/Institution sales via dealer). Normal means, copy RVAA01 and maintain only the relevant condition types.
4. If CIN is applicable, then chose TAXINJ or TAXINN accordingly. Better to have TAXINN it is easy to maintain for excise purpose and it is also recommended by SAP Community from Ver 6.0).
5.IF TAXINN is maintained then copy any one of the procedure JINFAC (Factory Sales) or JINDEP (Depot sales) copy and rename the procedure and maintain only the relevant condition types that you use as well as, excise duty if it is needed.
6.Before proceeding to Pricing procedure determination, we need to check the “Document Pricing procedure” and “Customer Pricing procedure” accordingly. Pricing Control Pricing Basic Functions Sales and Distribution Define Customer Pricing ProcedureDefine and Assign Pricing Procedures Cust. Description 1 Dealer 2 Retailer 3 Institution 4 InstDeal Pricing Control Pricing Basic Functions Sales and Distribution Define Document Pricing ProcedureDefine and Assign Pricing Procedures If we want we can change the document pricing procedure accordingly or let the document remain as “A” – Standard Else A - Standard (Dealer) T - Retailer N – Institution Z – InstDeal
7.Pricing Procedure Determination Enter the Sales Area, Document Pricing procedure, Customer Pricing Procedure, Pricing Procedure and Condition Type. Ex: If you are running Pricing for Dealer then, you should create Sales Document, Delivery Document and Billing Document Accordingly.
8.Take care of Copy Controls from sales document to sales Document, Sales document to Delivery, Delivery document to billing Document and Sales document to billing Document.
9.Check For Return Process Cycle and Free goods if any maintain Copy controls for return process from billing document to sales document correctly.
10.Now since, you are in Pharma industry you will also have to maintain Pricing at Billing level too. (Since Prices might vary during order received time and dispatch time or invoicing time so do the pricing accordingly) Maintain Doc pricing active at billing level. Determine Pricing at billing level
11.Number range should be unique at billing level too… for respective invoices . 12.Maintain no. ranges and customized document types (Starting with ZL2N or ZG2N) for Debit Memo and Credit Memo accordingly… I hope it meets your requirement……
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An instruction to move materials from a source storage bin to a destination storage bin in a warehouse complex at a specified time. A transfer order consists of items that contain the quantity of the material to move and specifies the source and destination storage bins. A transfer order can be created based on a customer delivery, a transfer requirement, or a posting change notice. Source and destination storage bins can be in different warehouses.
Application:
This is the term of Warehouse Management (LE-WM) and linked into SD Module, where clients business run through Warehouse
Related Transaction:
VL01N
LT03
LT09
VL02N
2. What are the fields in pricing procedure?
There are 16 columns in pricing procedure
1. Step
2. Counter
3. Condition type
4. Description
5. From
6. To
7. Manual
8. Mandatory
9. Statistical
10.Print
11.Subtotal
12.Print
13.Alternative calculation type
14.Altenate condition base value
15.Account key
16.Accruals
3. What are the Standard output types in SD?
Standard Output Types in SD are as under:
1. Sales Order Confirmation: BA00
2. Outbound Delivery Note: LD00
3. Billing Document: RD00
5. Cash Sales: RD03
6. Inquiry: AF00
7. Quotation: AN00
8. Contract: KO00
9. Picking List: EK00
4.What is Condition type?
A condition type is one which describes that what is the purpose of that condition i.e. it represents a real time pricing like price, discount, freight or taxes condition types are used to define how the particular condition is going to perform. Condition types are linked to access sequence which in turn is linked to condition tables. Condition types are used wherever we use condition technique. Hence it is used in pricing, material determination, output control, etc.Some important condition types in pricing are pr00-pricing, kfoo-freight, k007-customer discount...
5.What are the issues u have faced in training?
6. What are the challenging issues you have faced in implementation project/Maintenance project in SD Functionality? How you have overcome that issue?
We can say during the implementation the challenges which we faced are
* High expectations from the system
* Lack of IT awareness among employees
* End user training
* Lot of complex business processes which lead to highly customized product etc..
7. What is difference between delivery document & scheduling?
Delivery doc is the actual delivery that we create in VL01N for the sales order.
Delivery scheduling is the process by which system proposes the confirmed delivery date when a sales order is loaded.
For eg consider that the customer has placed an order on 8th Sep & requested delivery RDD on 12th. Consider that you have maintained 2 days as transit time, 1 day as loading time & 1 day as pick pack time. Then the system initially carries backward scheduling from the RDD. So from 12th, it will calculate backwards. So your goods should leave your shipping point by 10th, loading should start by 9th, pick pack should start on 8th. System will see is material is available on 8th. If yes, then it will confirm the requested delivery date RDD. If not, system will check for the material availability date MAD. If MAD is on 10th, then system will do forward scheduling from 10th. So items can be picked by 11th, loading done on 12th & goods will reach customer on 14th (2 days transit). So confirmed delivery date is 14th. System will propose this date as delivery date in shipping view of sales order main screen. This process is called delivery scheduling.
How is item category determined?
ITEM CATEGORY IS DETERMINED IN TRANSACTION BASED ON -FOUR FACTORS:SALES DOC TYPE + ITEM CATEGORY GROUP + USAGE + HIGHER LEVELITEM CATEGORY=(DETERMINES) ITEM CATEGORY.
What is Extract used in condition tech. in pricing?
condition tech is the main backbone of pricing without condition there is no pricing
Condition tables + access sequence + condition type + Pricing procedure = Condition technique
What is the difference between plant and storage location?
- plant is place where Production/assembling of material is done as per PP-module, place where Storage/purchasing of material done as per MM-module and for sales plant is place where sales and service is provided.
- Storage Location is a place allotted inside a plant for the purpose to maintain the stock. The same considered for all modules (PP, SD, & MM)
What is the difference between item proposal and material determination product proposal?
Item proposal and product proposal are the same.
Item proposal is the list of materials and order quantities that can be copied into the sales order from the customer master data.
We use VA51 to create the item proposal. Here we get a number. This number is then linked to the customer master data in the sales view. This is very commonly used.
Material determination is very closely related to item proposal /product proposal and is used to swap one material for another in the sales order using the condition technique. I have not seen Material determination procedures used in the projects I have worked.
Item Proposal or Product proposal:
"Item proposal is same as product proposal & SAP uses the two terms interchangeably.
"An item proposal is a list of materials and order quantities that can be copied into the sales order. Items can also be selected from a list and copied into a sales order."
1) Use transaction [VOV8] to configure the document type ("MS" for product proposal).
2) Use transaction [VA51] to create a proposal.
3) Enter the item proposal on the sales area data (sales tab) of the customer master record.
4) In [VA01] to create a sales order, Select Edit & propose items."
Material determination:
"Material determination uses the condition technique to swap one material for another when certain conditions apply. Material determination is triggered by the material entered in the line item of the sales order.
Use transaction [VB11] to create a material determination condition record. And [OV12] for configuration of material determination.
Material determination is useful when old product is becoming obsolete or a new product is released by the company at specific date."
What are the statuses?
General SAP Status Management
Use
Use the general SAP status management if you require user status.
Status
The current processing status of an object is documented by one or more statuses. A status is an indicator that fulfills two functions:
It informs you that a particular status has been reached (for example, The order has been released)
It influences the number of business transactions you can perform.
If you execute a business transaction, this can then set or delete one or more statuses for the specified object.
You can set any number of statuses for an object.
Statuses can be displayed in two different ways in the system:
As a 30-character text
As a 4-character identification code
Both display variations are language dependent.
The system displays the active status of an object in list form or in a status row. The status row may contain up to a maximum of eight statuses. You use the status profile to define the position in which the application status is displayed in this row. The system can output several statuses in the same position. The system uses the Priority column in the status profile to determine which status is actually displayed The list display shows all active statuses (arranged according to position and priority).
A status can be either active or inactive: A status can
Allow a business transaction
Allow a business transaction with a warning
Prohibit a business transaction
If a business transaction is allowed with a warning for a particular object, the system issues a warning message when you execute the business transaction. You can then decide whether to ignore the warning and continue with the business transaction.
You want to flag a released internal order for deletion. However, the internal order has not yet reached the Closed status. In th case, the system first issues a warning indicating that the order has not yet been closed.
To use a business transaction, the following is required:
At least one active status must allow the business transaction.
No active status may prohibit the business transaction.
General SAP status management distinguishes between system status and user status.
System Status
The system sets a system status informing the user that the system has executed a certain business transaction for an object. You can only influence this status by executing a business transaction that changes the system status.
If you release an internal order, the system automatically sets the Released system status.
User Status
You can set a user status in addition to the existing system status. You specify the user status in a status profile, which you create for each order type in Customizing. You can specify and activate any number of user statuses.
In a production order you can simultaneously set the Released, Pre-closed printed, and Finally confirmed statuses.
The system status and the user status influence the business transactions in the same way.
Status Profile
A status profile contains a user-defined quantity of user statuses and rules. You can define status profiles in customizing for each order type. See the Define Status Profiles activity in the IMG:
The status profile allows you to:
Define the user status and document its functions with a corresponding long text.
Assign a status number that specifies the order in which the system reaches the user statuses.
Define an initial status, which is then automatically set when an object is created.
Determine that a user status is automatically set when you execute a business transaction.
Permit or forbid specified transactions, if a status is active.
Status Number
User statuses can be used to determine a sequence for the different steps involved in processing an object. For each step, you specify a user status and give it a status number You should assign these status numbers so that they are reached in ascending order.
If you assign a status number to a user status, specify a lowest and highest status number for the user status. These numbers limit the status number interval from which the subsequent user statuses can be chosen.
You require the user status to monitor individual steps during construction of a building. You create the following user status in a status profile:
Status number Status Short text Lowest status number Highest status number
10 PLAN Planning 10 20
20 APRV Plan approval 10 30
30 CNST Construction 30 40
40 HDVR Handover 30 50
50 CMPL Completed 50 50
The system usually works through the statuses in numerical order (status numbers). In this example however, it would be impossible to change directly from status PLAN to status CNST, because from status number 10 you can only switch to maximum status number 20 APRV. Similarly, once you reach the CNST, you can no longer return to the PLAN or APRV statuses.
Activities
To activate general SAP status management for internal orders, assign the status profile that you require to the appropriate order type in customizing for internal orders (see the Define Order Types IMG activity).
What is the purpose of sales document type?
Sales documents is nothing but data container, and its a proof of transactions to simplify business process document categorized into 3 types :sales document, delivery document , billing document sales document :sales related data is going to be captured here to map different process transactions sap has categorized into 4 types.
Presales order: inquiry, quotation (IN, QT)
Standard order: OR, cash rush
Customer outline agreement: Scheduling agreement-DS & contracts
Customer complaints: credit, debit (G2, L2)
The functions of sales document type are:
It can determine whether the sales doc of that type is blocked or not, No. ranges for the documents, whether a reference doc is mandatory or not, whether it should read cus.material info record, whether the system should run credit checks and how it should respond etc..
A sales document type fulfills a requirement of a specific business transaction.. for example in a cash sale you would require the delivery to be happening immediately after the order and you would require a invoice slip to be handed over to the customer immediately after his purchase. These things are customized in your Cash sales(CS) document type..
What is an integration point between SD AND MM?
Link Between SAP SD, MM & FI
The link between SD and MM :-
1. When you create sales order in SD, all the details of the items are copied from Material master of MM.
2. MRP and availability check related data is also taken from MM although you control this data in SD also.
3. While you create inbound/outbound delivery with reference to a sales order, the shipping point determination takes place with the help of the loading group, plant data, shipping conditions etc. This also refers to Material Master.
4. The material which you are entering in a sales order must be extended to the sales area of your sales order/customer otherwise you cannot transact with this material.
There are many such links between SD and MM.
Now the link between SD and FI :-
1. Whenever you create a delivery with reference to a sales order, goods movement takes place in the background. eg.In case of standard sales order, you create an outbound goods delivery to the customer. Here movement 601 takes place. This movement is configured in MM. Also, this movement hits some G/L account in FI. Every such movement of goods hits some G/L account.
2. The accounts posting in FI is done with reference to the billing documents (invoice, debit note, credit note etc) created in SD. Thus this is a link between SD and FI
3. Tax determination: In case of a tax determination also, there is a direct link between SD and MM .
SD Integration points with other modules SD module is highly integrated with the other modules in
SAP. Sales Order
Integration Points Module
Availability Check - MM
Credit Check - FI
Costing - CO/ MM
Tax Determination - FI
Transfer of Requirements - PP/ MM
Delivery & Goods Issue
Integration Points Module
Availability Check - MM
Credit Check - FI
Reduces stock - MM
Reduces Inventory $ - FI/ CO
Requirement Eliminated - PP/ MM
Billing -
Integration Points Module
Debit A/R - FI/ CO
Credit Revenue - FI/ CO
Updates G/L - FI/ CO
(Tax, discounts, surcharges, etc.)
Milestone Billing - PS
Return Delivery & Credit Memo -
Integration Points Module
Increases Inventory - MM
Updates G/ L - FI
Credit Memo - FI
Adjustment to A/R - FI
Reduces Revenue - FI
What are MRP types?
Material Requirement Planning is concept of planning for the demand, whether we need the material
- to be planned internally
- to be procured externally
- to be planned in external system (ex APO
- No planning
- time based planning
What is use of customer group?
Customer group is used for generating statistics and also used to give group pricing, and discounts etc...
What is the difference between incomplete order and backorder processing?
Incomplete orders are the orders which have not maintained Completely as to full fill the business requirement to place the order ( as defined in incompletion proc by
business).
The backorder is the order in which has not confirmed in Full or not confirmed at a requested delivery date. (Certain delivery date)
What are the Steps for the End-user Training in SAP-SD module?
1.we will decide who are the team members of end users
2. Arrange one common place for training
3.In a day with pre planned material and using development system with some hard copies of various transaction codes which will use by end users will distribute to them and ask them to practice
4.it is generally like a in house training which may remains for 2 day's
5.after the training we will give them hard copies of list of transaction codes with narration which are relevant to their modules like SD related and PM related etc
Why does the customer master have different views?
The main purpose of the customer views is for each dept to determine the roles effectively in customer
GENERAL DATA- deals with all the details regarding the customer
COMPANY CODE DATA- deals with financial aspects.
SALES AREA DATA- deals with sales; billing; shipping details along with the partner determination
What is t-code for listing the blocked documents?
VKM1 is for blocked document, VKM2 Released Doc.
What is batch split?
If a material is managed in batches then you can carry out a batch split for every component. This means that if you Split a batch, you assign more than one batch to one
Component. In this case, each batch is displayed as a Separate component in the component overview.
Batch splits can only be triggered manually in the Production order.
The following requirements must be met for batch splitting:
(1)The material master record of the material must specify That the material is managed in batches.
(2)Batches must exist for the material.
What is Product attributes?
What is difference between SD account key and FI account key?
Account key is created and provided by FI. Account key determines the
G/L account to which the amount is to be posted. SD defines account key
in pricing and FI uses it for posting taxes.
To the maximum both are one and same to find the right G/L account through condition technique .SD Account key will be from Pricing procedure and the FI Account key is from the tax procedure. as far as my knowledge is concerned both the Key purpose is same.
Acct keys are defined in FI only, SD people only use them, say in pricing. But ultimately they r used for posting the amounts to relevant GL accounts only
What is a variant and its use?
How is credit control determined?
Credit control is determined in the combination
COMPANY CODE + CUSTOMER RISK CATEGORY + CREDIT GROUP =
CREDIT CONTROL AREA
One Company code can be assigned too many credit control areas And multiple company codes are not assigned to one credit Control area.
What are the parameters in FD32?
FD32 Maintains credit management records here we can give the amount of the customer WHAT IS HIS credit limit.
U can see address of the customer, Central data, status and payment history of the customer.
What is the difference between routine and requirements?
I know requirement in SD point of view
1. Requirements are used in different area of SD, for example requirement in pricing procedure, it restrict the access of the condition type. for example the rebate condition type bo01 has the requirement 24 it means that this condition type should appear in the billing document. Routine means the program written for the requirement.ie the logic written in the ABAP code.
What is condition supplement and why is it used?
A condition supplement is a group of conditions that should be applied every time a certain condition is found. for Eg: If u define a material price, u will enter condition records for that material and the corresponding price. If u also want to give discount to that material every time the price is determined, u can enter the discount condition type as a condition supplement. So whenever the price is determined for the material, it will automatically includes the discount condition records.
What is the difference between milestone and periodic billing?
Periodic: - full amount in each bill till contract period
Milestone: - partial amount in each bill till full amount is billed.
Milestone billing is a billing plan type where the customer have to pay the amount in parts within the billing date e.g. suppose the bill amount of the customer is 1000 usd, the customer can pay 200usd,300usd as mentioned on the Agreement whereas in periodic plan type the customer have to pay the amount in a regular periodic interval.i.e. The customer have to pay the 1000usd in 1 year then the amount payable by the customer is 1000/12.
What is the landscape?
What is the difference between Static and Dynamic Credit Check?
They both are belong to automatic credit check
The only difference is Dynamic contains a time/horizon/attach period .This time period used by the system where we specify time in months .EX: 2 months .System will use this period to take open orders, open deliveries etc. to get credit exposure .Within this attached time period not after this specified period, u have to do delivery after this horizon period say 3 months latter the delivery date so system will not calculate this date
static check will carry out the open sales orders +open deliveries +open billing + open items,
dynamic check= static check+ time horizon
What are the issues u have faced in integration testing?
GL ACCOUNT CANNOT BE DETERMINED DURING INVOICING MOVEMENT TYPE NOT FOUND DURING DELIVERY STORAGE UNIT NOT FOUND IN THE BIN ERROR DURING TRANSFER ORDER CREATION FOR DELIVERY
ROUTE NOT DETERMINED DURING DELIVERY TOR CANNOT BE DONE DURING DELIVERY ETC...
What is a field catalog?
What is the difference between condition type EK01 and EK02?
Ek01- the result of unit costing can be used as base for price (pr00) determination.
Ek02- the result of unit costing simply taken as a statistical value
What is the Function of item category group?
The item category group determines how a material is processed in the sales order. It defines, for example, that pricing does not take place for a free of charge item, such
as a business gift; or that inventory management is not carried out for a service. When processing sales and distribution documents, the system uses the item category
group to determine the item category. The system determines the item category based on the item category group of the material and the current business transaction, and proposes
it in the respective document.
When creating the material types non-stock material and
services, DIEN is proposed in both cases for the item category group, because the order processing for both material types is identical: for example, pricing is carried out for both, but no availability check.
What is pricing procedure?
A pricing procedure is a procedure by where in which you control the execution of condition types in a sequence you would like . It not only executes the condition types but als0 controls the execution of condition type by the use of requirements , altcv. altcbv, account key.
Pricing procedure is a systematic and sequential use of condition types to arrive at a right value of the product.To determine the pricing procedure
SALES AREA (Sales Organization + Distribution Channel +Division) + CUSTOMER PRICING PROCEDURE + DOCUMENT PRICING PROCEDURE
What is condition exclusion?
If we set an exclusion indicator in the definition of condition type during sales document processing the system ignores the other condition type which exits below that in
the pricing procedure and which have same requirement.
Which delivery document type for STO process?
For intracompany STO the delivery doc type is NL(i.e. within the one company code)& for intercompany STO the delivery type is NLCC.
What is difference between the header level condition and item level condition?
Header level conditions are for the whole document, while item level condition is for the particular item only. header conditions do not have access sequences and condition records, too.
What is the link between credit management and subtotals?
see there is the link between credit management and subtotals. The reason why, Business grant credit to the customer. so all the credit amounts of customer must stored in corresponding tables in our sap system. so that In Pricing procedure for the condition type Net value we assign A In the field Subtotal. the table for credits is komp-cmpre
What is Delivery group and what is its purpose?
delivery group is grouping of all sub item to be delivery at one time. mostly used in bill of materials.
What is main purpose of maintaining the master data?
IN SAP we can call these are master data like:
1. Customer master data
2. Material master data
3. Customer material Information record
4. When we are maintaining condition records like pricing
Condition record, rebate condition record.
THE main purpose of maintaining the master data is that when we will create any documents in sales like sales document, the data regarding customer is coming from customer master and the data regarding material is coming from material master, and for example in the sales order the delivery plant is coming from CMIR,OR CUSTOMER MASTER OR,MATERIAL MASTER ,like this...
What is line item?
There are 3 levels in a sales document i.e. header level, item level and schedule line. Line item falls in the Item Level.
1)Line Item relates to material details or the item details such as item number, name of material, quantity etc.
2)The item category of the item which is determined by the system (by combination of Item Category Group from Material Master, Sales Document Type, Usage and higher level item category)is copied at Item Level of the sales documents.
3)Line Item contains the value and quantity also which are not normally found at Header Level.
4)Examples of Line items are : Material, Order Quantity, Material Group, Plant, Shipping Point, Route, Customer Material, Sales Unit, price/discount/tax/freight per unit, etc.
5)Examples of Header data will make Line Item more clear : Sold-to Party, Pricing date, Document currency, Price group, Customer Group, Incoterms, Payment terms, Purchase
Order Number etc.
What is value SAP?
ASAP methodology is a methodology for component-based implementation projects.
Value SAP methodology is a methodology for evaluation, implementation and continuous business improvement.
Solution Manager is a natural extension of Accelerated SAP and Value SAP methodology. SAP SM is mandatory for all Business Suite 2005 and beyond.
What happens when you overrate the customer?
You can opt for any of the following 3 :
1)credit the customer for the amount of short-charged invoice by creating a Credit Memo Request with reference to the previous invoice and create a new sales order with
correct rate
2)you can make a Credit Memo Request for the overcharged amount and make a Credit Note Billing Document to give credit for the difference amount
3)you may make an Invoice Correction Request.
What are the functions performed in a support client?
the main function is resolving the day to day issues sent by the client. some times enhancements also.And also read the detailed ticket issues
What is the access sequence for header conditions?
for header conditions, no access sequence will be there. the values for header conditions should be entered manually during sales order processing. access sequence is a search strategy which finds the right condition record from the condition table.
What are the highest organizational units in SD, MM, PP and FICO?
SD----sales organization
MM----plant
PP----plant
FICO-----company code
What is the functionality of negative posting in billing document?
Reverse and adjustment postings can also be marked as negative postings. Negative postings are used to reduce the transaction figures in G/L, customer, and vendor accounts. This allows you to give the transaction figures (following the reversal) the status they would have had without posting the reversed document and its reversal document. This type of reversal is called a negative posting.
Its nothing but an adjustment. Lets say you have creates a bill of 10 bucks and latter you realize its not correct and the billing amount should be 8 bucks. To change the billing amount you have to create a negative bill worth -2 bucks. Its a negative bill or in other words its an adjustment of credit type. Similarly debit type adjustments are also there.
What is mean of Rebate processing?
Rebate is nothing but a special discount which is given on to specific customer on certain sales volume with in specific period of time. Rebate may given on a specific customer, if he do the targeted business within the validity periods,
OR
its for specific material and customer, if this customer does the targeted business volume for that particular material within the validity periods.
A rebate is a discount which is granted subsequently to a rebate recipient on the basis of defined sales volume within certain period.
There are three processes on rebate.
1:- Configuring Rebate
2:- Setting of rebate agreements
3:- managing rebate agreement & payments
But before the processing the rebate you need to activate
the following fields
:- in Payer master record
:- Sales organization
:- Billing document type.
You have following rebate agreement types for your customer.
1:- Material rebate
2:- customer rebate
3:- customer Hierarchy rebate
4:- Material group rebate
5:- Independent of sales volume.
How is shipping point determined?
shipping conditions + loading group + Delivery plant = Shipping point
What is difference between transport and task?
What is the client specific data?
Client specific data refer to the data that can be accesses only when we log in to that Client
Client specific data:
a) Business data--Master data of business partners, products, pricing etc
b) Transaction data: Sales orders, delivery, billing documents etc
c) Customization data: All the IMG activities that are saved with Customizing request number form the client specific data
What is ABAP debugging?
Finding the errors in ABAP program and rectifying the error at run time is done using ABAP debugging.
The ABAP debugger is the development workbench tool, which allows you stop a program during its execution when a particular condition is met.
How subtotal in pp is related to credit limit?
subtotal field(A) in the pp contains the total value and this value is checked with the credit limit of the customer.
What is the difference between discount and rebate?
Rebate: an incentive to be given to a customer. clubbed with qty purchased by a customer within the period specified (say one month)-conditional.
Discount doesn’t depends upon the turnover it is fixed. and can only differ from customer to customer
What will you do in blue print stage?
Business Blue print is a detailed documentation of the requirements gathered from client. it represents the business process requirements of the company. It is an agreed statement of how the company intends to run its business within SAP system.
How will access the data in to production?
What is Group condition?
What is cut over strategy?
Cutover strategy or cutover plan is the activity done in ASAP methodology, while transferring the data from the legacy system to the sap system. At this point of time the billing will be stopped, all the open orders, contracts, pricing data will be transferred as per the cutover plan which is provided by the implementation partner. Whatever you want to do on the system u need to do before or after this activity.
What is the relation between PGI and TOR?
Depending up on TOR PGI takes place let me explain how it takes place when a requirement comes this is been transferred to MRP through TOR. Depending up on the availability of the material transfer of order takes place in which the requirement sits in the storage location from there picking and packing process takes place and finally PGI activity takes place.
In general
IN GENERAL TERMENOLOGY TOR IS THE ACTIVITY WHICH TAKES
PLACE BEFORE CREATING A DELIVERY DOCUMENT AND PGI PROCESS
TAKES PLACE AFTER CREATING A DELIVERY DOCUMENT.
How is route determined?
Determination of the route is dependent on the following factors:
(1)Departure Country and departure zone-it gets determined from shipping point.
(2)Shipping Condition:-it is determined from sales doc. type or from SP (Customer master).
(3)Transportation Group:- it is determined from Material master.
(4) transportation Zone:- ship -to -party.
(5)Receiving country.
(6)Weight group (optional).
What is consumption based planning?
Consumption-based planning is based on past consumption-values, statistical procedures for future requirements. It’s to avoid the shortfall in requirement determined from reorder point or forecast requirement.
Difference between MRP and Consumption-based planning, MRP Planning based on gross requirement through the Bill of Materials, Consumption-based planning based on past consumption-values.
What is the relation ship between sales organization and plants?
(1)Sales Organization--> Plant
Sales Organization is assigned to plant in combination with Distribution Channel. Relation: Many-Many.
(2) sales Organization--> Company Code. Many-One.
(3) Plant-->Company Code. Many-One.
what does Item Category Control?
An item category controls the overall behavior of an item. It determines whether the item is relevant for pricing or not, whether it is relevant for delivery or not, whether it is relevant for billing or not. It also determines whether it is a free item, text item and it also help to determine the sales document type.
What is Returnable packaging processing means?
IT is used in the process where by the business sells items to the customer. These items are packed into shipping units such as boxes and crates .Then the customer can keep the boxes and crates upto a certain period of time and then
must return the item .Should the customer not have return the shipping units within specified date or have been destroyed ,then business may bill the customer for damaged goods .
The stock we deliver as special packaging materials .We
kept at customer site .It can viewed in "MMBE"with indicator "V" .
Item category group is "VERP" .
General item category is "LEIH".
"LAN" for returnable packaging pick up-(LA)
"LNN" for returnable packaging issue-(LN)
Material group =00804
"TAL" -item category for returnable packaging
What is IMG?
1. Step by Step plan for implementing the SAP modules.
2. Procedures that have to be performed before a certain configuration can be made.
3. Documenting the SAP R/3 configuration methodology along with the reasons for configurations.
4. It forms the crux of business transactions in an SAP implementation, and how each one of the steps in various modules have been configured.
5. Finally, all configurations and their releases for a particular SAP R/3 implementation can be checked through the SAP IMG.
What is Backorder processing?
Backorder processing is functionality in SAP where you can change the commitments and over-ride the blockage of stocks marked against sales documents/deliveries. For e.g. you receive an order from a very important customer for material "A" but the entire quantity of A is committed to another customer "B" via earlier sales orders and this is where BACKORDER processing helps you to change the commitment and shift stock due for B to A. This is the benefit of this functionality.
T.C.: V_RA - Backorder Processing
What are the reports u have generated with help of ABAP? What are all the things we need to do configure?
What are the influencing factors for account determination?
sales amount which is in sales order will be posted into some accounts.
eg: sales price should be posted into revenues account in the same way sales discount should be posted into deduction account , other amount will post into some other account for this purpose we maintain account determination. coming to the question's answer, influencing factors for account determination is , chart of accounts,( FI consultant will tell that chart of accounts which is used for that company code) sales organization, distribution channel, account assignment group for customer ( which is in customer master data, sales area tab page, billing view )account assignment group for material ( which is in material master record, sales organization 1 view ( not sure plz check) account key which is assigned in pricing procedure G/L account number ( FI consultant will give this number)
What are dependencies in variant configuration?
Dependencies establish relationship between characteristics and values of different characteristics. It is required to get the pricing to the sales order through Procedure(dependency), to get the BOM component selected for the material with quantity and to have the routing time for each component.
There are 5-types of dependencies...
a.Precondition ...to hide characteristics and its values
b.Selection condition....to select a characteristics or values
c.Procedure..to Infer value for a characteristics
d.Action...to infer value for a characteristics but obsolete.
e.Constraint...to have a consistency value flow to configuration , it has to attach to configuration through dependency net....
What is Extract used in condition tech. in pricing?
Condition technique used condition table, condition type, access sequence, pricing procedure to determine pricing information.
What is the use of pricing date in condition type?
Pricing date is the date in which the condition records are accessed. For e.g.: lets say you have the price of the material as 1000Rs till Mar 2008 as per the validity period of condition record and from April the same price of the material is 2000Rs as per the validity period of the condition record. Now your pricing date in the Sales doc
determines as which price should be taken into account. Hope you are clear now.
What is the link/control between sales and distribution and quality?
When a complaint is executed. Say, a faulty material is returned back to plant from the customer/consignee. The material is taken in to the blocked stock, where by the quality link is involved. It's the responsibility of the quality department to check the complaint and approve. That's the reason we have billing block before issuing credit note/memo to the customer.
How is access seq. controlled?
An access sequence (search strategy) is defined for each condition type (except header and manual condition type) in pricing procedure.
1. Each access performed during pricing procedure, the access sequence is made using condition table.
2. Access sequence is a search key for condition record, which made up of key fields.
3. Access sequence searches the condition records from most specific to the most general.
Example: Suppose you create a sale order for material M-10 for Customer 1500. and you had maintained the condition records for that material 100 INR for per material. and
you also maintained the condition record for Customer1500/Material M-10 also i.e. for that particular material and for that customer the Material price is 90 INR. In that condition the system pick the material price as 90 INR and reject the material discount as 100INR.
What is business item?
In item category, Business item specifies whether the business data at the item level is allow to differ from business data in the document header during the sales document processing.
business data means sales data + shipping data + Billing data
If you configure (Check box active) the Business item in the Item category, system should not allow to change the Incoterms in the sales order
What is Lump sum payment?
Lump sum payment is a general term. It has no different meaning in the sap. Exact meaning of lump sum is full payment.
What is the advantage of using the text as a reference ?
what are the Steps in consignment processing?
In consignment process, we have 4 stages.
First phase, company fill the goods at customer site, still it is the property of company, is called as Consignment fill up,(CF)
When the customer consumes the material company issues the invoice is called as consignment issue (CI)
If the customer finds that he got any material defective he returns is called as consignment return (CR)
When customer requests the company to take back the material which is not sold by the consumer, the company will pick this stock from the customer site is known as consignment pick up (cp)
What is the purpose of creating user exits?
A user exit is a place in a software program where a customer can arrange for their own tailor-made program to be called. SAP creates user exits for specific programs, screens, and menus within standard R/3 applications.These exits do not contain any functionality. Instead, the customer exits act as hooks. You can hang your own add-on functionality onto these hooks
What is the difference between VK11 & VK31
Tcode vk11 used for individual Maintenance of condition record and Tcode vk31 used for mass Maintenance of condition record
What basic questions do they ask relating to order management?
Basic questions related to order management
1. In sale order what fields are mandatory We can change them as per our requirement by going into account groups and then fields
2. When u raise a sale order what field get filled by default?
3. when you save a sale order what’s the background process which takes place?
How is storage location determined?
Determination of storage location depends upon the rule mentioned in the delivery type. There are basically three rules for determining storage location, out of which we
basically use MALA rule:-
MALA Rule:-
(1)Shipping point.
(2)Plant.
(3)Storage Condition.
Other rules are MARE and RETA ,which are used for trade scenarios.
What is the difference between ATP check and availability check?
ATP is know as available to promise quantities and it is
Calculated as below.
Ware house stock + planned receipts - Planned issues = ATP quantities.
Ex1. 100 + 50 -75 = 75 is ATP Quantity
Any remaining open quantity in the movement is regarded as the ATP quantity and can be used to fulfill the next Requirement.
Ex2. 25 + 100 -150 = -25 ATP Quantity,
In this case the system try to capture the stock from other inward movement and try and match the order quantity 150.and even this is not available and partially met then the system shows the negative ATP Quantities in the requirement line.
During the availability check the system determines the ATP quantities for the material and the plant. The system behaves in performing the availability check based on how the availability check is set in customizing. This can be viewed in the sales order, over view screen procurement and you can see the confirmed quantity and ATP Quantity.
Availability check:
Stock checks which is automatically carried out after every
goods movement and which should prevent the book inventory
balance of physical stock (for example, available stock)
from reaching zero.
types of Availability checks
1. Against ATP
2. Against product allocation
3. Against planning.
Availability check is based on checking group, Requirement class, and Requirement type and schedule line category.
What will do in realization?
Realization phase in which the system is configured ,knowledge transfer occurs ,extensive unit testing is completed, and data mapping and data requirements for migration are defined .
The purpose of this phase is to implement the business process requirements based on business blueprint. The system configuration methodology is provided in two work
packages :baseline(major scope) and final configuration (remaining scope).Other main focal area of this phase are conducting integration tests and drawing up end user
documentation.
What is the importance of release status and dynamic field?
The importance of release status in release procedures is to create the condition records purely for the planning purpose. for further clarification see release procedures in pricing.
The Dynamic field check is to determine the customer-specific fields, even the text fields.
What is the parent and child relationship?
when after we r creating the IDOC type it will show screen, there we can create the segments by right click. then one pop up window will display like which segment(Ex: SEG1) u need to add to the IDOC then add the one more segment(Ex:SEG2) to the IDOC . while add SEg2 to the IDOC , pop up will display like segment name which u can add and there is the options like under which segment u need to create the segment here u can select SEG1.
now SEG1 ----> parent segment
SEG2 ----> child to the SEG1
How to configure partial deliveries?
we have to mark for partial delivery either in customer master
or
In customer-material info.
What is ABAP query?
ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports
without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following
3 simple reports:
Basic List: It is the simple reports.
Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like average, Percentages.
Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. – For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.
How is step and counter differentiated?
Step Number is used to specify the sequential order for
condition types.
Counter is used when two or more Condition Types required
the same Step Number.
Ex : Step No. Counter C.Type
10 5 KOFI
10 10 KOFK
step is sequential order of a condition type.
counter is nothing but sub sequential number of a condition
type.
What are the effects of PGI?
the ownership of goods will be transferred with post goods issue and it updates the stock quantity in warehouse decreases the volume of stock and increase the goods sold.and also updates the postings to G.L.A/C
What is condition supplement and why is it used?
What are the Techniques in delivery scheduling? Backward scheduling & Forward Scheduling
Backward scheduling: System calculates material availability date based on the Requested delivery date. If the material is not available on that date the system calculates the earliest possible delivery date based on the material available date.
Forward Scheduling
What is Replenishment lead time?
RLT=The time taken by the material to be replenished
For trading goods:
------------------
RLT=plant delivery time+goods reciept processing time
For finished goods:
-------------------
RLT=Inhouse production time
Where is shipping conditions stored?
Shipping conditions are maintained in two places one is in customer master record under sales tab page in shipping screen and another is in sale document type. If u maintain in sale document type it over writes the value maintained in customer-material info.
What is material determination?
This is setup when business requires swapping of one material by the other material in a sales document. Example - When a product is under engineering change or there is a bug and you have another product, which is acceptable as replacement, then material determination can be used to set this scenario. Old product can be replaced by new product as per the launch date of the product. Material determination is also called as “Product selection”
*It uses condition technique for material
*Material determination procedure is based on the sales document type. With condition technique, criteria can be defined and condition records can be maintained.
*Standard material determination procedure for order type OR is A00001.
*Standard material determination condition type is A001
*With standard setup, condition record for swap materials is maintained for “material entered”. It means in standard SAP, material determination is triggered when material is entered in the sales order.
*Additional criteria can be added by customizing condition type A001.
*Material condition records are maintained in the main transaction menu in master data
Swapping can be based on certain business conditions. These are called as Substitution reasons. For each substitution reason, you can define substitution strategy.
*Substitution strategy controls
*System will automatically replace product as per material determination record after carrying out availability check or can give list of substitute products for users to check and select or replace material without availability check. It can also control whether both substituted and substitute material can be displayed in the sales order or only substitute material is to be displayed in the sales order.
*It controls printing of substituted or substitute material on output types like order confirmations.
*In delivery, no material determination is carried out for items copied from the order.
*Material determination in a delivery is carried out for new items if material determination has been activated for the corresponding sales document type
What is the central organizational element in purchasing?
Purchasing Organization.
How is plant determined?
System searches for the plant in the following manner:-
(1) first it searches for a plant from CMIR(customer-material info record).
(2)If it is not found there then it will search for a plant
in Customer master record of ship-to-party.
(3)If still it could not be found then it will check in
material master in Sales general/Plant view.
in this sequence the plant is determined.
What is a handling unit?
The SAP HU is used for tracking the handling units used by the materials. Some common handling units are packagings materials like cartons, pallets etc.
In the SAP system, the handling unit (HU) expands on the shipping unit. Handling units can be nested and you can also create new handling units from several handling units as often as you like. At the material item level, HUs contain the complete material identification, the quantity, and, in the case of serial numbers, the respective object list. Handling units have unique, scannable identification numbers that can be developed according to standards such as EAN 128 or SSCC.
Handling units contain all inventory management information of the materials they contain that are maintained in Inventory Management. There are also status messages that you can call up at any time that indicate whether a handling unit is only planned or if the ship-to party has been notified of the arrival of this handling unit, or whether it is in the warehouse or has already been posted to goods issue. The integrated history function also records each business process in the life cycle of each handling unit, meaning that you can track the handling unit’s path and development at any time.
Refer to : Logistics -> Central Functions -> Handling Unit Management
In HU-managed storage locations, all goods movements are executed through the specification of the respective HUs, and Inventory Management is performed through the handling units. If you are working without HU-managed storage locations, you can work with handling units (without stock information) as before in the delivery and in the shipment.
In HU-managed storage locations, materials can be managed in HUs only. Mixed stock made up of packed and non-packed materials within the same storage location are not supported. HUs can also be managed in interim storage types. Unpacking a material from a HU means that the stock of the material is posted to a storage location that is not HU-managed. If you call up normal material movements in connection with an HU-managed storage location, a delivery is created, rather than a direct material posting, which has been the procedure up to now.
Please note that if you want to use 311 to move the material already in stock, but in a non HUM Storage Location and you want to transfer those materials into a HUM Storage Location 304. If this is the case you can use the transaction VLMOVE with the destination plant and storage location. Before that you have to create the HU with the transaction code HU02 Storage location: where the material is and the status: in stock.
Handling units are unique at client level in at least one system. Using an indicator at client level, you can control whether you are going to work with the HU functions. Since the handling unit is a physical unit, the central logistics processes are controlled through the input of the handling unit identification. These processes include putaway, picking, and stock transfers, as well as goods receipts and goods issues.
A handling unit’s mobility can be limited if quality checks are active. Changes in the stock category caused by a quality inspection are made using a posting change in the handling unit.
There is also a report available that you can use to find and display handling units using different selection criteria such as material, packing instruction, or storage location.
Although the handling unit is basically a unit that remains constant in the system, you can change it by repacking the materials it contains. All the packing functions, such as packing, repacking, and unpacking, are completely supported by the handling unit functionality. In this way, handling units can be created in production, during goods receipt, or in the packing areas of the warehouse. If you have automatic packing, the handling unit is created from the packaging proposals defined in the system (from the packing instructions, for example)
What is difference between listing and exclusion?
1. Listing is nothing but whatever material u assign to particular customer, then he can access those materials .But exclusion is nothing but excluding the Particular material to the customer, then customer cannot access those materials.
For example-In pharmaceutical company, customer sometimes the customer may not have a license to sell certain product, then we can use this function.
2.Listing is suppose for a certain or group of customers u can assign materials only those can access. Exclusion is suppose u don’t want that certain materials certain customer should not access .So the particular customer can not purchase the same .
Always exclusion is having higher priority than listing. In exclusion the system refuses the entered materials if it is maintained in exclusion record for specific customer but in case of material listing it accepts only allowed material which we maintained in listing record for specific
customer .
How revenue account is determined?
Revenue a/c is determination :
1. Application
2. Chart of accounts
3. Sales Org
4. Condition type
5. Account assignment group from customer
6. Account assignment group from material
7. Account key
When will you combine deliveries into one invoice?
we will combine multiple deliveries into one invoice, when the bill to party , payment terms and billing date is same. And also when billing date, that means billing is done only once in a month for that particular customer, then you combine all deliveries of that month create invoice
Can anybody help me out to configure SAP SD pricing for Indian Pharmacy company. The client is having so many scenarios like Price to Dealer, Price to retailer, Direct sales to Institution. Institution sales via dealer. For all above scenarios Price is Inclusive of taxes.
Note - Prices at Batch level MRP
Please let me know your contact details to explain all our scenarios.
Hi Radha, I am hereby sending the document please go through the document and revert for further clarifications SD Pricing for Indian Pharmacy
STEPS 1.Creation of Account Groups Define Control Customers Business Partner Logistics – General Account Groups and Field Selections for Customers a. Define Account Groups with Screen Layout (Customer)
b. Create Number Ranges for Customer Accounts
c. Assign Number ranges for Customer Account Groups
NOTE You will have to maintain separate Account groups for Dealer, Retailer, Institution and Institution sales via dealer. The Number ranges should be created separately and assigned accordingly.
2.Partner determination must be done accordingly( with respect to the type of account groups that we have created). Set Partner Determination Basic Functions Sales and Distribution up Partner Determination
3.Customer Hierarchies should be maintained. Customers Business Partners Master Data (Sales and Distribution Assign Account Groups)Customer Hierarchy
4.Assign Hierarchy type based on Sales document type that you maintain .
5.Assign Hierarchy type for pricing by sales document type Customers Business Partners Master Data Sales and Distribution Assign Hierarchy Type for Pricing By Sales DocumentCustomer Hierarchy Type
6.Assign Sales areas to customer hierarchy types Customers Business Partners Master Data Sales and Distribution Assign Sales AreasCustomer Hierarchy
7.Define Customer Groups Customers Business Partners Master Data Sales and Distribution Define Customer GroupsSales Ex: 01 – Dealer 02 – Retailer 03 – Institution 04 – InstDeal
8.Define Sales Districts., Legal status of the customer NOTE: Check out whether you have a Dummy Customer Concept in that case you will have to create a dummy account group for Dummy customer. Similarly you check for one time customer (again you will have to create one time customer a/c group, number ranges creation and assignment. Note the no. ranges should be unique, be careful.) Sales Document Types, Delivery Document types and Billing document types should be copied and renamed.(Prefixing it with “Z”. Item Categories which is important field should also be copied and maintained with “Z” as starting letter. Schedule line categories should also be maintained appropriately starting with “Z”.
Pricing procedure:
1.Maintain Access Sequence or Copy and create the Access Sequence appropriately (For Price, Tax or For VAT purpose accordingly)
2.Maintain Condition Types or Copy and create the Condition Types appropriately (maintain condition types for Price, Discounts, taxes…. Accordingly)
3.Copy and create Four Pricing procedures according to the scenarios that you have raised(For Dealer/Retailer/Institution/Institution sales via dealer). Normal means, copy RVAA01 and maintain only the relevant condition types.
4. If CIN is applicable, then chose TAXINJ or TAXINN accordingly. Better to have TAXINN it is easy to maintain for excise purpose and it is also recommended by SAP Community from Ver 6.0).
5.IF TAXINN is maintained then copy any one of the procedure JINFAC (Factory Sales) or JINDEP (Depot sales) copy and rename the procedure and maintain only the relevant condition types that you use as well as, excise duty if it is needed.
6.Before proceeding to Pricing procedure determination, we need to check the “Document Pricing procedure” and “Customer Pricing procedure” accordingly. Pricing Control Pricing Basic Functions Sales and Distribution Define Customer Pricing ProcedureDefine and Assign Pricing Procedures Cust. Description 1 Dealer 2 Retailer 3 Institution 4 InstDeal Pricing Control Pricing Basic Functions Sales and Distribution Define Document Pricing ProcedureDefine and Assign Pricing Procedures If we want we can change the document pricing procedure accordingly or let the document remain as “A” – Standard Else A - Standard (Dealer) T - Retailer N – Institution Z – InstDeal
7.Pricing Procedure Determination Enter the Sales Area, Document Pricing procedure, Customer Pricing Procedure, Pricing Procedure and Condition Type. Ex: If you are running Pricing for Dealer then, you should create Sales Document, Delivery Document and Billing Document Accordingly.
8.Take care of Copy Controls from sales document to sales Document, Sales document to Delivery, Delivery document to billing Document and Sales document to billing Document.
9.Check For Return Process Cycle and Free goods if any maintain Copy controls for return process from billing document to sales document correctly.
10.Now since, you are in Pharma industry you will also have to maintain Pricing at Billing level too. (Since Prices might vary during order received time and dispatch time or invoicing time so do the pricing accordingly) Maintain Doc pricing active at billing level. Determine Pricing at billing level
11.Number range should be unique at billing level too… for respective invoices . 12.Maintain no. ranges and customized document types (Starting with ZL2N or ZG2N) for Debit Memo and Credit Memo accordingly… I hope it meets your requirement……
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Sunday, August 1, 2010
sap sd User Exits
User Exit and Enhancement explained in detail .
USEREXIT Userxits allow us to add our own functionality to SAP standard program without modifying it . These are implemented in the form of subroutines and hence are also known as FORM EXITs. The userexits are generally collected in includes and attached to the standard program by the SAP. All Userexits start with the word USEREXIT_... FORM USEREXIT_.. z.. ENDFORM. The problem lies in finding the correct userexit and how to find it if one exists for the purpose. Once the correct userexit is found the necessary customer code is inserted in the customer include starting with the z.. in the form routine. e.g. USEREXIT_SAVE_DOCUMENT_PREPARE Certain application like SD still provide this form of enhancement using userexit but this practice is no longer being followed for newer extensions instead they are using EXITs which come bundeled in enhancement packages . Neverthiless existing USEREXITS will be supported by SAP an all the newer versions of SAP. HOW TO FIND USEREXITS Userexits can be found in number of ways: 1) To find userexits in SD module , goto object navigator(SE80) and select development class from the list and enter VMOD in it. All of the userexits in SD are contained in the development class VMOD. Press enter and you will find all the includes which contain userexits in SD for different functions like PRICING, ORDER PROCESSING etc. Select the userexit according to the requirement and read the comment inserted in it and start coding . Some examples of userexits in SD(SALES & DISTRIBUTION ) are: 1)ADDING OF NEW FIELDS IN PRICING In Pricing in SD the fields on the basis of which pricing is done are derived from the FIELD CATALOG which is a structure KOMG .This structure is used to transfer transaction data to the pricing procedure in SD and is also known as communication structure.This structure KOMG consists of two tables KOMK for Header related fields and KOMP for item related fields. The fields which are not in either of the two tables KOMK and KOMP cannot be used in pricing .Sometimes a need arises when the pricing is to be based on some other criteria which is not present in the form of fields in either of the two tables. This problem can be solved by using USEREXITS which are provided for pricing in SD. Pricing takes place both when the SALES ORDER ( Transaction VA01) is created as well as when INVOICING ( Transaction VF01) is done.Hence SAP provides 2 userexits ,one for sales order processing which is USEREXIT_PRICING_PREPARE_TKOMP or USEREXIT_PRICING_PREPARE_TKOMK Depending upon which table (KOMK or KOMP) the new fields were inserted we use either of the above two userexits.These userexits are found in include MV45AFZZ of the standard SAP sales order creation program SAPMV45A. In the case of userexit which will be called when invoicing is done ,these are provided in the include RY60AFZZ which is in the standard SAP program SAPMV45A. The name of the userexits are same. i.e USEREXIT_PRICING_PREPARE_TKOMP or USEREXIT_PRICING_PREPARE_TKOMK These userexits are used for passing the data from the communication structure to the pricing procedure, for this we have to fill the newely created field in the communication structure KOMG for this we fill the code in the above userexit using the MOVE statement after the data that has to be passed is taken from the database table by using the SELECT statement. The actual structure which is visible in these userexits and which is to be filled for that particular field is TKOMP or TKOMK. Before the coding for these userexits is done ,it is necessary to create a new field in either of the two tables KOMK or KOMP .For this purpose includes are provided in each of them . To create the field in header data(KOMK) the include provided is KOMKAZ and to create the field in item data(KOMP) the include provided is KOMPAZ. One possible example for the need of creating new fields can be e.g. Frieght to be based upon transportation zone ,for this no field is available in field catalog and hence it can be created in KOMK and then above userexits can be used to fill the transportation data to it. 2)The other method of finding userexit is to find the word USEREXIT in the associated program of the transaction for which we want to determine userexit using SE38. 3)The other method of finding userexits is to find the include in case of SD/MM applications where the userexits are located ,this can be found in the SAP reference IMG generally in the subfolder under SYSTEM MODIFICATION. Some other examples of userexits in SD are: USEREXIT_NUMBER_RANGE This userexit is used to assign a different internal document number to the sales order(VA01) when it is created depending on some criteria like a different SALES ORGANIZAION(VKORG) . USEREXIT_SAVE_DOCUMENT_PREPARE This userexit is used to insert the ABAP code which will be called when the document (sales order VA01) is just about to be saved.This userexit is used generally for custom checks on different fields , to display some information before the order will be saved or for making changes to certain fields before the sales order will be saved. Exits & Enhancements There are mainly six types of EXITs in sap which have been collected in the form of enhancement packages and attached to standard code in SAP. These are different from USEREXIT in the way that they are implemented in the form of FUNCTIONs while in USEREXITS we use form routines for their implementation. These are also sometimes known as function exits . These start from the word EXIT_ followed by the program name and then followed by a three digit number. e.g. EXIT_SAPMV45A_002 This exit is found in SD in enhancement V45A0002. TYPES OF EXITS 1)MENU EXITS 2)FUNCTION EXITS 3)TABLE EXITS 4)SCREEN EXITS 5)KEYWORD EXITS 6)FIELD EXITS We use SAP transactions CMOD and SMOD to manage exits. Before implementing an exit , it is required to create the project by using CMOD selecting the enhancement e.g. V45A0002 and selecting the component (one which fulfills our need) i.e the exit which will be implemented in SMOD and after coding has been done the project has to be activated. An exit can be coded only once. FUNCTION EXITS These are used to add functionality through ABAP code . These start from the word EXIT_programname_NNN ending in a 3 digit number. No access code is required to implement any tupe of exit including function exits. The function exits are called from the standard SAP program in the form of ABAP statement CALL CUSTOMER-FUNCTION 'NNN' This is in contrast to USEREXITs where PERFORM statement is used to call the required userexit. To implement the FUNCTION EXITs first of all the project is created and a suitable enhancement package is selected and from its compnents the function exit to be implemented is selected and on double clicking it the exit code will appear in ABAP EDITOR(se38) where a Z include will be found and the customer code should be entered in this include. e.g. ADDING A DEFAULT SOLD-TO-PARTY in Sales Order Creation To show a default sold-to-party in this field when the user creates a sales order (VA01) we can use a function exit .This function exit is located in enhancement no V45A0002 . Before we can choose the exit we have to create a project in CMOD after that enter V45A0002 in the enhancement field and click on the components . In the components you will see the exit EXIT_SAPMV45A_002 . This exit is used for our purpose. Double clicking on this exit will takes us to function builder (SE37) . This function exit has one exporting parameters and two importing parameters, we are interested in exporting parameter which is E_KUNNR of type KNA1-KUNNR i.e if we move the desired customer name to this structure(E_KUNNR) it will be shown in the field as the default value when we create the sales order. This function also contains a customer include ZXVVA04 . This include will be used to write our custom code . Double clicking on this include and it will prompt us that this include does not exists do you want to create this object ,select yes and the include will be created .In this include we can write our own code that will fill the field E_KUNNR. e.g. E_KUNNR = 301. Activate the include and Activate the project. Now when ever the SALES ORDER will be created , sold-to-party field will come up with a predefined customer . FIELD EXITS The field exits are managed,created,activated through program RSMODPRF. The field exit is associated with a data element existing in ABAP dictionary and hence to the screen field using that data element. The format of field exit is : FIELD_EXIT_dataelement_A-Z or 0-9 If a particular screen and program name is not specified than the field exit will effect all the screens containing that data element. The function module associated with field exit shows two parameters INPUT and OUTPUT. Input parameter contains the data passed to the field exit when the field exit was invoked by the R/3 , We can write our own code to change the output parameter depending upon our requirements. Before the field exit can have any effect the system profile parameter ABAP/FIELDEXIT in all the application servers should be set to YES ABAP/FIELDEXIT = YES. |
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